Effects of alcohol in beer, wine and liquor intakes
Effects of alcohol in beer, wine and liquor intakes Higher alcoholics occur naturally in alcoholic beverages as by-products of alcohols Fermentation. Recently, concerns have been raised about the levels of higher alcohols in surrogate alcoholic ( illicit or home-produced alcohol beverages) that might lead to an increased incidence of liver diseases in regions where there is a high consumption of such beverages. In contrast, higher alcoholics are generally regarded as important flavor compounds. European legislation even demands minimum contents in certain spirits. Consumers’ perceptions about alcohol are shaped by numerous factors. This environment includes advertisements, public service announcements, product labels, various health claims, and warnings about the dangers of alcohol consumption. However, moderate intake of alcohol beverages has beneficial effects on bones, but the effects of different classes of alcohol beverages have not been examined. The asso guitar chords ciation between intake of total alcohol or individual alcohol beverages and bone mineral were studied in 1182 men, 1289 postmenopausal women, and 248 premenopausal women in the Framingham Offspring cohort (age 29-86 yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the alcohol intakes and BMD (bone mineral density) at 3 hip sites and the lumbar spine were evaluated. The men were mainly beer drinkers and women wine drinkers. Compared with non-drinkers, hip BMD was 3.4-4.5% greater in men consuming 1-2 drinks/day of total alcohol or beer, whereas hip and spine BMD was 5.0-8.3% greater in postmenopausal women consuming >2 drinks/day of total alcohol or wine. Intake of >2 drinks/day of liquor in men was associated with 3.0-5.2% lower hip and spine BMD vs. intake of 1-2 drinks/day of liquor in men. After adjustment for silicon intake, all inter-group differences for beer were no longer significant; differences for other alc. sources remained significant.
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